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Toenail Fungus
Toenail Fungus
Definition
Toenail fungus, known by physicians as Onychomycosis,
affects about half of Americans by the age of 70. It is relatively rare
in children, but the incidence increases with age. Fungus infections
occur when microscopic fungi gain entry through a small trauma in the
nail, then grow and spread in the warm, moist environment inside the
patient’s socks and shoes.
Symptoms of toenail fungus, which can be caused by
several types of fungi, include swelling, yellowing, thickening or
crumbling of the nail, streaks or spots down the side of the nail, and
even complete loss of the nail. Toenail color can vary from brown or
yellow to white with this condition.
Fungal infections can affect the fingernails as well
as the toenails, but toenail fungus is more difficult to treat because
toenails grow more slowly. It occurs most often on the big or small toe,
but might occur on any toe.
Cause
Toenail fungus can be picked up in damp areas such as
public gyms, shower stalls or swimming pools, and can be passed among
family members. Athletes and people who wear tight-fitting shoes or
tight hosiery that cause trauma to the toes or keep the feet from drying
out are at higher risk. The condition can also spread from one toe to
another, or to other parts of the body.
Other risk factors include abnormal PH level of the
skin, not drying off the feet thoroughly after bathing or exercise, and
a compromised immune system in someone who has been exposed to a fungus.
Diabetics have an increased risk of contracting a toenail fungus because
their immune system is compromised. They should have their nails cut and
debrided by a podiatrist.
Treatment and Prevention
Because it is difficult to treat or eradicate toenail
fungus, it is a good idea to try to prevent it. It helps to wear
protective shoes or sandals in public showers, pool areas and gyms, and
to avoid borrowing someone else’s shoes or sharing socks or towels with
someone who has toenail fungus. An orthotic device can be used to add
cushioning and/or control over-pronation, support the longitudinal arch,
and reduce stress on the lower leg muscles.
Wash your feet regularly, and dry them thoroughly when
they get wet. Wearing nail polish on the toes is not advised because it
can seal in fungus and allow it to grow. Keep toenails trimmed, and be
sure to disinfect any pedicure tools before using them.
If you do develop toenail fungus, see your foot
doctor. The doctor might remove as much of the nail as possible by
trimming, filing or dissolving it. Medicated nail polish might be
prescribed for a localized infection, but a serious infection will
likely be treated with a prescription oral antifungal medication. These
medications can have side effects, so be sure to work closely with your
doctor on your treatment plan. Only in severe cases will surgical
removal of the nail be recommended.
If you suspect that you have toenail fungus, see your
foot doctor.
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